New
Opportunities for the UN
PressInfo #
187
September
18, 2003
By
Hazel
Henderson,
TFF Associate
The Iraq debacle is providing a historic opportunity
to implement long sought, widely supported reforms needed
for the UN - to assure its independence and its vital
role in this new century.
The breakdown in the Security Council over the US war
on Iraq illustrated its obsolete aspects. An anachronism
of the post-World War II era, its permanent five members:
the USA, Britain, France, China and Russia with their
veto power, finally demonstrated all its dysfunctional
aspects.
Most reformers agree on the indispensability of the
Security Council - and the shape and direction of needed
reforms. The Council needs to dispense finally with the
veto - a relic nod to the winners of World War II. Then
the permanent seats can be rearranged to accommodate
important new world players, including India, Brasil,
Japan, South Africa and newly democratic Indonesia with
the world's largest Muslim population. To keep the
Council's size manageable, the seats of Britain and
France could be combined into one rotating seat
representing the European Union.
Another long sought security reform - more necessary
than ever in a world of terrorism and asymmetrical
threats - is a standing UN peace-keeping and humanitarian
force - properly trained and ready to meet security
threats and natural disasters. Together with interpol,
this professional unit could proactively monitor
terrorist groups.
Funding of these functions and all UN humanitarian and
development operations need no longer rely only on dues
from its member countries. The recalcitrance of the USA,
which still owes the UN over $500 million in back dues,
has shown that new, more reliable sources of funds are
needed. A smaller contribution from the USA is also
desirable to reduce its influence.
The UN, with its miniscule $1.25 billion annual budget
(one quarter of New York City's) can tap a wide variety
of new financing sources. Many of these are promoted by
the increasingly powerful global NGO community and public
policy networks. Many were submitted and documented in
the PrepCom reports of the UN Summit on Financing for
Development in Monterrey, Mexico, March 2002. These
included very small fees (1% or less) on the $1.5
trillion of daily currency transactions, which could
yield several hundred billion dollars annually. This
feasible system would serve the additional purposes of
reducing speculation (90% of these transactions) while
reducing these destructive flows of "hot money"
destabilizing member countries' domestic economies.
Other equally viable, well-researched proposals
include taxing global transportation and airline tickets
(which do not currently include their full social and
environmental costs) and authorizing the UN to sell bonds
in the same way as the World Bank is funded. Many a
grandparent would thus be able to help assure a more
peaceful future for their grandchildren. The
well-assessed proposal to recast security from
exclusively military means to insurance and
risk-assessment modalities - more suitable for today's
Information Age world - is a United Nations Security
Insurance Agency (UNSIA) as an arm of the Security
Council.
The UNSIA would provide a new line of business to the
insurance industry: assessing risks and writing policies
for those countries applying to UNSIA for guaranteed and
timely peace-keeping and humanitarian assistance when
under domestic and foreign threats. Many countries have
seen the benefits to Costa Rica in abolishing its
military in 1947. Diverting such expenditures to
investments in human and social capital has catapulted
Costa Rica to "first world" status on the UN's Human
Development Index. The premiums from these insurance
policies would fund the Security Council's need for rapid
deployment, standing peace keeping and humanitarian
contingents. These contingents would continue to be
trained and provided by willing member countries, such as
Canada and others.
All such viable proposals for diversifying the UN's
funding base have been thoroughly researched and many,
such as UNSIA, are supported by several Nobel Peace
Laureates. Why have they been waiting for implementation
for so many years - even decades? First, Cold War
politics and later, they incurred the strenuous
disapproval of now retired US Senator Jesse Helms and
other right-wing politicians in the USA. Powerful
financial interests opposed greater power-sharing between
the UN and its two breakaway financial agencies, the
World Bank and the International Monetary Fund charged
with enforcing "Washington Consensus" economic policies
on developing countries. Such opposition is now
discredited.
Even as many of these same funding proposals were
re-asserted in the UN Financing for Development PrepComs
by global NGOs and developing countries of the G-77, they
were quietly vetoed by US Ambassador to the UN John
Negroponte, on orders from the Bush Administration.
Today, Bush's popularity is waning rapidly, 54% rating
his job as fair to poor (Reuters-Zogby, Sept. 2003).
Near majorities now repudiate the unilateralist,
preemptive strike policies of Bush and his neo-con
cabinet: Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz and
their entrepreneurial "eminence grise" Richard Perle
(still a member for the Defense Policy Board, despite
numerous revelations of financial conflicts of interest).
The deficit-ridden US economy with its high unemployment
level is now the key concern of voters. Bush's disastrous
policies have led to the return of the Taliban and
warlordism in Afghanistan and the deepening quagmire in
Iraq.
The world sees again the indispensable role of the UN
- the only forum that can convene all the world's
nations. Even the Bush Administration, now deeply
divided, is seeking UN help. The US now seeks "burden
sharing" in paying for its ill-considered adventure in
Iraq. Only the UN can legitimize reluctant member
nations' involvement in re-building Iraq.
The US President 's father, George H.W. Bush may help
his son realize that the UN is never likely to be
"irrelevant." Secretary-General Kofi Annan has deftly
guided the UN through these latest storms - in spite of
charges of bending too much to US pressure. Annan has
introduced many innovations, including his UN Global
Compact's nine principles of good corporate citizenship
on human rights, labor standards and the environment, now
signed by over 1000 corporations globally.
Today, even as it mourns, there is a new era of
opportunities opening to revitalize the UN. All these new
funding sources and renewed global goodwill can expand
confidence in the world body. Even 63% of the US public
is still solidly behind the UN taking the lead in global
security and peacekeeping. Enacting these reforms would
be a fitting epitaph to the thousands of Afghans, Iraqis,
Liberians and other innocents, as well as a tribute to
all the world's displaced refugees, abused women and
hungry children.
There is no shortage of funds in the world - only
misplaced priorities, defunct economic ideologies and
bloated weapons budgets. One quarter of global weapons
spending - together with some of the international taxes
on speculators and other abusers of our global commons -
could provide the world with needed public goods:
peace-keeping, health and education for all, cleaner air
and water, environmental restoration, and millions of new
jobs and livelihoods. Globalization can be humanized. The
World Social Forum has shown that another world is
possible - and achievable!
Hazel Henderson, author of Beyond
Globalization and other books. She co-edited
The
UN: Policy and Financing Alternatives,
Elsevier, UK (1995) with Harlan Cleveland and Inge Kaul,
in which these proposals are detailed.
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Jefferson (IPS) New York, phone: 1-212-924-9102; fax:
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For InterPress Service © Hazel Henderson, September
2003 www.hazelhenderson.com
(word count 1,152)
© TFF 2003

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