The
Real Threat is
Nuclear Terrorism
PressInfo #
225
July
26, 2005
By
Dietrich
Fischer, TFF Associate, EPU &
Transcend
July 26, 2005
The four terrorist bombs that
exploded in London on July 7, 2005, caused immense
suffering and grief. This crime rightly received nearly
universal condemnation. Violence does not solve any
problems, it only aggravates them.
Yet this tragedy only foreshadows
much worse future catastrophes if the world continues on
its current course.

Tricycle
and helmet found 1,500 m from hypocenter
Hiroshima Memorial Museum ©
Jan Oberg 2004
The trappings of
nuclearism
As long as the big powers insist on
maintaining nuclear weapons, claiming they need them to
protect their security, they cannot expect to prevent
other countries and terrorist organizations from
acquiring such weapons--and some day using
them.
The atomic bomb dropped on
Hiroshima killed over 200,000 people.Today's nuclear
bombs are vastly more powerful. If even one nuclear
device had been detonated in a parked car or a boat on
the Thames, the Center of London would be strewn with
smoking, radioactive rubble and over a million people
might have been killed outright, and scores more would
die slowly from radiation disease.
The double standard, "Nuclear
weapons are good for us, but bad for you", is stupid and
unconvincing. Believing that nuclear weapons technology
can be kept secret forever is naive.
Those who still believe in the
fairy-tale of "deterrence theory" better wake up to the
age of suicide bombers. Anyone convinced to go straight
to paradise if blown up cannot be "deterred" by the
threat of horrendous retaliation.
Governments that order tons of
bombs to be rained on Iraq and Afghanistan should not be
surprised if they plant ideas in the minds of eager
imitators. Osama bin Laden once benefitted from support
and training financed by the CIA.
Richard Falk, long a Professor of
International Law at Princeton University, rightly
pointed out: "The greatest utopians are those who call
themselves 'realists,' because they falsely believe that
we can survive the nuclear age with politics as usual.
The true realists are those who recognize the need for
change."
Four changes we
must make
What changes must we make if we
want humanity to survive?
[1] We must
stop believing that problems can be solved by applying
offensive military force.
That only encourages others to pay
back in kind. Policing to stop criminals, and defense
against a foreign attack, are justified, but not military
interventions abroad, except peacekeeping operations
ordered by the UN security council to stop genocide or
humanitarian disasters.

Hiroshima
Memorial Dome ©
Jan Oberg 2004
[2]
Thirty-seven years after signing the Nuclear
Non-Proliferation Treaty, it is time for the nuclear
powers to fulfill their commitment to nuclear
disarmament.
We also need a vastly more open
world, where all nuclear weapons are verifiably
destroyed, and the manufacturing of new ones cannot be
hidden.
The International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) can now inspect only sites that member
countries voluntarily place under its supervision. If a
suspected weapons smuggler could tell a border guard,
"You may check under my seat, but don't open the trunk,"
such an "inspection" would be meaningless. The IAEA must
have the power to inspect any suspected nuclear
facilities, anywhere in the world, without advance
warning, otherwise it is impossible to prevent the spread
of nuclear weapons.
The governments that now possess
nuclear weapons object to such intrusive inspections as a
"violation of their sovereignty." Yet many airline
passengers also protested at first against having their
luggage searched for guns or explosives, when such
searches were introduced after a series of fatal
hijackings. Today, passengers realize that such
inspections protect their own security.
Those who have nothing to hide have
nothing to fear. Sooner or later, governments will reach
the same conclusion. The question is only whether this
will happen before or after the first terrorist nuclear
bomb explodes.
[3] We need
to address the root causes of terrorism: long festering
unresolved conflicts.
Particularly in situations of
asymmetric power relations, the weaker side may be
tempted to resort to random attacks against vulnerable
targets of the more powerful antagonist, as in the 1970s
the Red Brigades in Italy, the Red Army Faction in West
Germany and the Irish Republican Army in Britain. More
recently the Tamil Tigers have set off bombs in public
places in their fight against the militarily superior Sri
Lankan army and government. Today, car bombs explode
almost daily in Iraq.
Of course, the killing of civilians
with bombs dropped from the air, instead of being
transported in cars and backpacks, also represents a form
of "state terrorism" that stimulates violent popular
resistance, which is then used as justification for an
intensified hunt for terrorists, in a vicious
cycle.
The meeting between President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt and King Ibn Saud of Saudi
Arabia aboard the cruiser USS Quincy in Egypt on 14
February 1945, in which Roosevelt committed the United
States to support the Saudi Royal Family against internal
opposition, in return for guaranteed access to oil, may
partly explain why 15 of the 19 suicide bombers of 11
September 2001 in New York and Washington were Saudi
citizens.
Arms exports to oppressive,
dictatorial regimes produce dissatisfaction among those
who suffer as a result.
The Middle East conflict, where
Palestinians have lived for generations in refugee camps
and suffer from high unemployment, is a breeding ground
for suicide bombers.
At a broader level, a world
economic system in which every day over 100,000 people,
mostly children, die needlessly from hunger and
preventable diseases, while there is enormous luxury and
waste in wealthy countries, breeds discontent.
The fact that the United States has
undertaken 67 foreign military interventions since World
War II, in which an estimated 12 million people have been
killed (3 million in vietnam alone) has not endeared it
in many parts of the world.
Terrorism cannot be ended by
killing terrorists. Doing so only enrages their admirers
and provokes them to seek revenge. It is necessary to
redress the sources of grievance and great injustice that
drives people to sacrifice their own life in order to
seek revenge.
The West must enter into dialogue
with those who fight against it, to remove the motivation
for resort to violence, including random violence against
innocent citizens. The violence in the Northern Ireland
conflict ended when the British government agreed to
talks, instead of relying exclusively on the army to
silence the grievances of the opposition.
[4] It is
also important to transform conflicts peacefully before
they erupt in violence.
This is a skill that can be taught
and learned. For example, Johan Galtung, widely regarded
as founder of the field of peace research, was able to
help end a longstanding border conflict between Ecuador
and Peru over which they had fought four wars by
suggesting to make the disputed territory into a
"binational zone with a natural park", jointly
administered. This peaceful intervention cost nearly
nothing compared with a military peacekeeping
operation.
We need a UN Organization for
Mediation, with several hundred trained mediators who can
help prevent conflicts from erupting into violence. This
is a very inexpensive, worthwhile investment in human
survival, compared with the trillion dollars the world
spends each year to arm millions of troops, which only
make the world collectively less secure.
If we cling to obsolete ways of
thinking -- that threatening others will make us safe
--we face extinction as a human species, like other
species that failed to adapt to new
conditions.
It is
realistic to get rid of nuclear weapons
Is it a realistic prospect to get
rid of all nuclear weapons? Certainly more realistic than
waiting until they are used, whether deliberately or by
accident.
Some have argued that we cannot
disinvent nuclear weapons and therefore will have to live
with them as long as civilization exists. But nobody has
disinvented cannibalism either, we have simply learned to
abhor it.
Can't we learn to abhor equally the
incineration of entire cities with nuclear
weapons?
Dietrich Fischer, a TFF
Associate, is Academic Director of the European
University Center for Peace Studies in Stadtschlaining,
Austria, and Co-Director of TRANSCEND, a peace and
development network.
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